Lubricant



heat and rapid agitation encountered in service.

Another object of the invention is to prepare a 7 oils.

Patented Oct. 20, '1936 PATENT OFFICE,

LUBRICANT Gus Kaufman and Oney Purycar, Beacon, N. Y., assignors to The Texas Compa y, New

York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware I No Drawing. Application March 21, 1934, Serial N0. 716,649

9 Claims. (01. w s) This invention relates to lubricants and haste do particularly with'the manufacture of greases for lubricating ball and roller bearings.

An'object of the invention is to provide a" grease for the lubrication of .ball and roller bearings, such as those of modern high speed and low power machinery, which will not change appreciably in texture and consistency under the grease that possesses low starting and running torques and causes no appreciable drag on the OV p a A further object of the invention is to manufacture a grease suitable as a protective coating for bearings while in storage and that is strongly resistant to oxidation whereby no gum is formed which will stick or damage the bearings.

Further objects of the invention will be ob-' served from the following description and -examples-of the invention.

The greases used heretofore, such as the soda soap greases of fatty-oils like tallow oil, in order to lubricate at low temperatures, must be made so soft or of such low melting points that they run off the bearings at high temperatures while if they are made sufliciently hard or of such high melting points to lubricate at high temperatures they become spongy and exert an excessive drag on the machinery, or the bearings form channels therein and fail to receive adequate lubrication.

We have now discovered how to produce greases which meet the practical requirements of present day ball and roller bearing machinery. We have found that the product obtained by proper oxidation of paraflin wax is a desirable constituent of such greases. However, in the use of. this material it .is necessary to combine it in proper proportions with other materials, as will be explained hereinafter. o

The oxidized parafiin wax, which may be used advantageously according to the present invention is produced by such controlled oxidation that the product has a high ratio of saponification to acid value and is characterized.by its-freedom from gummy materials insoluble in-hydrocarbon described in U. S. Patent No. 1,668,871, May 8, 1928, to Joseph R. Scanlin,and U. S. Patent No.

1,909,945, May 23, 1933, to Benjamin Gallsworthy.

We prefer to use the sweatings from oxidized parafllmwax, as described in the Gallsworthy patent.

Inthe preparation of our improved greases we saponify the sweatings from the oxidized paraffin wax andthen mix the resulting soap with a c suitable quantity of hydrocarbon lubricating oil accordance withthe invention.

arated into approximately two-thirds of semilatum. The grease tested as follows:

Products particularly .suitable for'use are a coherence and consistency, 'to incorporate with acids is often beneficial and aids substantially in .5

the realization of the desired grease.

The following examples illustrate practical methods of, preparing our improved lubricants in Example 1 J Per cent Sweatings from oxidized paraffin wax 28.58 Caustic soda (43% aqueous solution) 6.42 v Pale oil (300 viscosity at 100 F.) 36.52 Water- 28.53

A sample 'of oxidized paraflin wax prepared substantially in accordance with the foregoing Gallsworthy patent was sweated at -100 F. and sep- 20 liquid sweatings and one-third solid waxy material. The sweatings so obtained had approximately the following tests: gravity, 255 .B.; viscosity,

305 seconds; Saybolt at F.; pour, 95 F.; neutralization number, 25.8; and saponification number, 129. q

A portion (10 lbs.) of the sweating's was charged to a grease kettleequipped with mechanical agitation and heated to F. when 9.43% aqueous solution (2% lbs.) of caustic soda and water (10 lbs.) were added. The mixture was slowly heated with agitation to a temperature of 260 F. during a period of about 10 hours. Pale oil (12.8 lbs.) of 300 viscositySaybolt Universal at 100 F. was then slowly added over a period of about 1 hours. The grease was cooled to about 200 F. and drawn from the kettle. The product had a smooth buttery texture resembling heavy petro- Sodium soap Alcohol soluble 11.6%

Water soluble and alcohol insoluble 4.7% Oils I i 80.4% Water v I "2.4% Free alkali (as Na2CO3) 1.7% A. S. T. M. penetration: 3

Unworked Worked 305 Melting point 260 F.

The finished product lubricated satisfactorily on .ball and roller bearings up to 320 F.

c Example 2 c I Percent I Naphthenic acids .35.26 Pale oil (300 viscosity at 100 F.) 5%. :1 o

Caustic soda (43% aqueous solution) Water drawn from the kettle.

A sample (14.3 lbs.) of naphthenic acids of 116 saponiflcation value was chargedto a grease kettle and heated to 105 F. and then a 43% aqueous solution (2.96 lbs.) of caustic soda and water (2 lbs.) were added. The mixture wasagitated and heated over a period of about 6 hours to 236 F. The product began to thicken and 300 pale lubricating oil (21.3 lbs.) I was slowly added and the mixture heated to 262 F. during about 4 hours. The grease was cooled to 212-F. and The resultant product tested as follows:

Equal proportions ofthe naphthenic acid soap grease of Example 2 and the oxidized paraflln wax grease of Example 1 were charged to a grease kettle. The mixture was heated and stirred for about 2 hours while the temperature rose to 290 F. The resulting product had a melting point of 182 F. and an A s. T. M. penetration of 286. The calculated analysis of the grease was as follows: V

Per cent Sodium soap of oxidized paramn wax- 8. 15 Sodium soap of naphthenicacids 13. 05 Oils- 77.92 Free alkali (as NaQH) 0.88

- 43% aqueous solution of caustic soda (3.46 lbs.)-

The grease gave excellent results when used as a lubricant for ball and roller bearings at operating temperatures up to 320 F.. and a speed of about 1725 R. P. M. a

' Example 4 Percent Stearic a i 12.78 Caustic soda (43% aqueous solution) 4.42 Pale'oil (90-100 viscosity at 210 F.) 82. 80

Stearic acid (10 lbs.) and 90-106 viscosity at 210 F. pale 011 (9.5 lbs.) were charged to a grease kettle, agitated and heated to about 228 F. A

' was then added during an interval of about .1

hour. The remainder of the mineral oil (55.3

lbs.) was slowly added during about 4 hours while the temperature wasraised sufllciently to boil oil! the water. The maximum temperature was 263 F. The product was cooled to 186 F. and

drawn from the'kettle. The resulting grease had a good body, was smooth and glossy'a'nd somewhat stringy. In actual test-it lubricated well at low temperatures but it thickened and became spongy at about 250 F., and ran off the bearings at about 280 F. It tested asfollowsz Sodium soap... 13. 41% Free alka 0.03% Oils 85.30% Water None A. s. T. M. penetration. 331 Melting poi I 365 F.

Y Example 5 f Y Percent Grease of Example 1 50 Grease of Example 4 50 Equal proportions of the sodium stearate soap grease of Example 4 and the sodium soap of oxidized paraflin wax grease of Example 1 were charged to a grease kettle and agitated for about 2 hours while the mixture was slowly heated to about 255 F. The product was cooled to 180 F.

and drawn from the kettle. The resulting grease cellent lubrication on ball and ,roller bearings at temperatures of 320 F. The tests on the product were as follows:

Sodium soap (calculated) 14. 86% Free alkali 0. 69% Water v 1.00% Oils (by difference); 83.45% A. S. T. M. penetration"; 167 Melting point 338 F.

Although we have described three specific greases (Examples 1,, 3 and 5) which are satis factory, we do not intend that they should'limit the scope of our invention. Thus we may vary considerably the proportions of the soap and mineral oil in the greases. In case the grease is made from oxidized paraflin wax soap alone and mineral oil, the soap may vary from 10-25% with good results. In Example 3, we have shown the ratio of oxidized paramn wax soap to naphthenic acid soap in the grease to be about 1:2. This ratio inay vary within the limits of about 2:1 and 1:2 with good results. It is also not necessary to use 300 pale 011 since any good grade of lubricating oil varying in viscosity from about 200 at 100 F. to about 100 at 210 F. Saybolt Universal 'may be used. In general about 70-85% of mineral oil is satisfactory.

Obviously many modifications and variations of the invention, as hereinbefore set forth, may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and therefore only such limitations should be imposedaas are indicated in the appended claims.

We claim: 1'. A lubricating grease having about the following percentage composition:

v o Per cent Soda soap of oxidized paraflin wax sweatings 16. 3 Hydrocarbon lubricating oil (Saybolt viscosity in excess of about 200 secs. at

F.) 80.4 Water 2.4 Free-alkali 1.7

2. A lubricating grease for ball and roller bearings having about the following percentage composition: I

r Per cent Soda soap of sweatings from oxidized paraffin wax" 8.15 Soda soap of naphthenic acids 13. 05

Hydrocarbon lubricating oil (Saybolt viscosity in excess of about 200 secs. at 100 v -F.) g Y 77; 92 Free alkali 0. 88

3. A lubricating grease for ball androller bearings having about the following percentage composition:

, 1 Per cent Soda soap of sweatings from oxidized parafiin w 8. 15 Soda soap ofstearic -acid 6.71 Hydrocarbon oil 83. 45 Water 1. 00 Free alkali 0. 69

.had a smooth and uniform texture. It gave ex- 4. A lubricating grease consisting essentially of about -25% of soda soap of oxidized paraffin wax and hydrocarbon lubricating oil, 'said oxi-' dized wax having a high ratio of saponification to a high melting point and the characteristics when applied to ball and roller bearing lubrication of low starting and running torques and suflicient consistency when hot .to be retained on said bearings at a temperature in the region of 320 F.

5. A lubricating grease consisting essentially of sweatings and hydrocarbon'lubricating oil, said oxidized paraffin wax sweatings having a high ratio of saponification to acid value and being substantially free from gummy materials, said grease being substantially free from saponifiable constituents and having a high melting point and the characteristics when applied to ball and roller bearing lubrication of low starting and running torques and suificient consistencywhen hot to be retained on said bearings at a temperature in the region of 320 F.

6. A lubricating grease consisting essentially of mixed alkali metal soaps of oxidized paraflin wax and naphthenic acids, and '7085% of. hydrocarbon lubricating oil, theratio of soap of oxidized parafin wax to soap of naphthenic acids being between the ratios of 1:2 and 2:1, said oxidized having a high melting point and the characterparaffin wax having a-high ratio of saponifica tion to acid value and being substantially free from gummy materials, said grease being substantially free from saponifiable constituent'sand istics of low starting and running torques and suflicient consistency when hot to be retained on said bearings at a temperature in the region'of 320.F.

7. A lubricatinggrease consisting essentially of f mixed soda-soaps of oxidized parailin wax sweatings and naphthenic acids, and in the region of 80% or hydrocarbon lubricating oil, theratio of soap 'of oxidized paramn wax sweatings to soap v of naphthenic. acids being about 1:2, said 'oxidized paraflin wax sw'eatings having a high ratio ofsaponification to acid value and being sub-'- stantially free from gummy materials, said grease being substantially free from saponiflable con-. stituents and having a high melting point and the characteristics when applied to ball and roller bearing lubrication of low starting and runningtorques and suflicient consistency when hot to be retained on saidbearings at a temperature in the region of 320 Fl about 16% of soda soap of oxidized parafiin wax 8. Alubricating grease consisting essentially of mixed soda-soaps of; oxidized parailin wax and stearic acid, in about equal proportions, and

about 70-85% of hydrocarbon lubricating oil, said oxidized paraflin wax having a high ratio of saponification to acid value and being substantially free from gummy materials, said grease being substantially free from saponiflable constituents and having a high melting point and the characteristics when applied to ball and roller 1 be retained on said bearings at a temperature 'inthe region of 320 F.

9. A lubricating grease consisting essentially oi about 15% of mixed soaps of oxidized par-amwax sweatings-and stearic acid,in about equal so a q proportions; and hydrocarbon lubricating oil,

- said oxidized paraflin wax sweatings having a high ratio of saponiflcation to acid value and be- 1 ing substantially free from gummy materials, said grease being substantially free from saponiflable hot to be retained on said bearings at a temper ature in the region of 320 F. I

J. GUSKAUFMAN. ONEY P. PURYEAR.

constituents and having a high -melting pointland the characteristics when applied to ball and. roller bearing lubrication of low starting and running torques and suificient consistency when 40 I 

